Welding na Bangaren (2): Cancantar Tsarin Welding

1. Babban ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun tsarin ƙima na ginin masana'antar ƙirar ƙarfe

★ GB 50661

★ AWS D1.1

★ Eurocode

TS EN ISO 15614 Gwajin Welding (TS EN ISO 15614): Hanyar walda da gwajin daidaitaccen kwamitin gwaji don tantance tsarin walda.

Gwajin walda (TS EN ISO 15610): Hanyar tantance hanyoyin walda ta hanyar gwada abubuwan walda.

Kwarewar Welding na baya (EN SIO 15611): Hanyar samun tsarin walda ta hanyar nunin ingantaccen ƙarfin walda na baya.

TS EN ISO 15612 Hanyar waldawa: Hanyar samun hanyoyin walda ta amfani da ƙayyadaddun tsarin walda.

Gwajin walda na farko (TS EN ISO 15613:) Hanyar tantance hanyar walda ta hanyar gwajin waldi na farko.

TS EN ISO 9018 Gwajin lalata na walda a cikin kayan ƙarfe

★ JIS JASS6

2. Babban abun ciki da halaye na kowane tsarin ƙayyadaddun tsarin ƙima

2.1 Abubuwan da ke ciki da halayen GB50661 ƙayyadaddun ƙimar tsari

(1) Dokokin sun fayyace iyakar cancantar aikin walda wanda dole ne a aiwatar, da maye gurbin dokokin cancantar hanyar walda;

(2) Ya kamata ma'aikatan ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ma'aikata ta welded a cikin aikin gine-gine;

(3 Ƙarfe na tushe ya kasu kashi huɗu bisa ga ƙarfin ƙarfin;

(4) Samfurin haɗin gwiwa da samfurori na gwaji;

(5) Keɓancewa daga tanade-tanaden sashe na tantancewa:

①Hanyoyin walda da wuraren walda waɗanda aka keɓe daga cancanta

②Haɗin ƙarfe na tushe/mafificin ƙarfe

③Mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki da zafin jiki na tsaka-tsaki

④ Girman walda

⑤ Welding tsari sigogi

⑥ Welding hadin gwiwa tsarin

(6) Dangane da tanade-tanaden wannan ƙayyadaddun, sassan gwajin walda, yankan samfura, da rukunin gwaji tare da takaddun takaddun shaida na sashen fasaha da inganci na ƙasa za su gudanar da gwaji da gwaji.

Siffofin

(7) Welding hanya cancantar dole ne a tantance daban don daban-daban walda hanyoyin da waldi matsayi;

(8) Ba a ambaci samfuran lanƙwasawa na tsayi a cikin ƙa'idodin gwaji na lanƙwasawa ba, kuma fashewar da ke bayyana a sasanninta ba a bi da su daban a cikin ma'aunin cancanta;

(9) Babu tanadi don macroscopic metallographic gwajin ga butt gwajin farantin.

2.2 Abubuwan da ke ciki da halaye na ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun tsari na EN

(1) Rukunin ƙarfe na tushe (EN 15608) ba a haɗa shi da wani tsarin ƙayyadaddun kayan aiki ba, amma an haɗa shi ta hanyar haɗin sinadarai, ƙarfi da matsayin wadata, ta yadda ƙarfe daga ƙasashe daban-daban za a iya haɗa su da kyau a cikin wannan rukunin A cikin tsarin. An fadada ɗaukar nauyin ƙungiyoyin kayan aiki.

(2) Hanyoyin kimanta tsari sun haɗa da: EN ISO 15614, EN ISO 15610, EN ISO 15611, EN ISO 15612, EN ISO 15613 Masu amfani za su iya zaɓar hanyar da ta dace daidai da yanayin nasu don biyan ƙayyadaddun buƙatun.

(3) Bayani dalla-dalla (TS EN ISO 15614-1) wanda ya dace da hanyar kimanta hanyar walda don waldawar tsarin ƙarfe yana da halaye masu zuwa:

① Tsarin cancanta da cancantar walda;

② Dubawa da shaida na gwajin cancantar tsari;

③Sandar gwajin allo

④ Rufin matsayi na walda

⑤ Abubuwan gwajin tsari: dubawa na gani, RT ko UT, dubawar fashewar ƙasa (PT ko MT), juzu'i, lankwasawa, taurin, tasiri da gwajin macroscopic metallographic;

⑥ Abubuwan buƙatu don gwajin lankwasawa

⑦ Matsayin samfurin da ma'aunin cancanta na samfurin tasiri

2.3 AWSD1.1 daidaitaccen tsari kimanta ƙayyadaddun abun ciki da halaye

(1) Ƙuntatawa akan keɓance WPS daga ƙima:

① Hanyar walda

② Tushen ƙarfe/haɗin ƙarfe na filler

③ Mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki da zafin jiki

④ Iyakance na WPS Variants

⑤ Iyakance girman haɗin gwiwa da haƙuri

⑥ Fillet walda

⑦ Maganin zafi bayan-weld

(2) Bukatun WPS da aka keɓe daga ƙima:

① Gabaɗaya bukatun

② Abubuwan buƙatu na musamman

(2) Bayanin ba ya buƙatar cancanta ga masu walda waɗanda ke yin ayyukan cancantar walda;

(3) An ƙididdige ƙarfen tushe bisa ga ƙayyadaddun ASTM, ABS da API;

(4) Hanyoyin walda waɗanda za a iya keɓancewa daga cancanta an ƙayyadad da su kuma an yi cikakkun bayanai kuma an yi su dalla-dalla, kuma ƙananan ƙarfe na ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun hanyoyin cancanta suna iyakance ga waɗanda aka jera a cikin ƙayyadaddun bayanai;

(5) Welding hanya cancantar dole ne a tantance daban don daban-daban walda hanyoyin.Daga cikin su, GMAW kuma yana ƙayyadad da hanyar canja wurin digo.A bayyane yake cewa GMAW-S na gajeren kewayawa hanya ce ta walƙiya mai zaman kanta kuma tana buƙatar kimantawa daban, wanda ya yi daidai da ƙayyadaddun EN;

(6) Hakanan an bayyana ɗaukar hoto na matsayin walda a cikin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai, wanda ya fi ƙarfin ƙayyadaddun EN;

(7) Samfurin haɗin gwiwa da samfurin gwajin gwaji;

3. Menene aka gyara na cancantar a walda tsari?

Babi na 4 na AWSD1.1:2015 ya haɗa da hanyoyin walda guda biyu, hanyoyin “haɓaka” da “cancanci” hanyoyin;Wannan babin kuma ya haɗa da cancantar cancantar da ake buƙata don masu walda, masu aikin walda da masu walda.Dangane da AWS D1.1: 2015 Babi na 3 akan "Tsarin Tsare-tsare", a cikin hanyar keɓewa, babu buƙatar gwada hanyoyin walda na takamaiman ayyukan.Koyaya, AWS D1.1: 2015 Sashe na 4.19 yana faɗi cewa karkatattun da ke cikin wannan sashe dole ne a gwada su ta hanyoyin walda.Gwajin aikin walda yana ɗaukar lokaci da tsada.Idan an gwada mahaɗin welded na aikin da aka yi a baya, lokacin da irin waɗannan abubuwan haɗin gwiwa suka bayyana a cikin sabon aikin, sabbin hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa suna buƙatar sake gwadawa.Hakazalika, takardun kwangila wani lokaci suna ƙayyadad da cewa ba da gangan aiwatar da hanyoyin hana walda don masu fasaha na walda na iya ƙara tsadar tsarin aikin walda baki ɗaya ba bisa ka'ida ba.AWS D1.1:2015 Sashe na 4.19 ya faɗi: Yawancin rubuce-rubucen rubuce-rubuce sun nuna cewa hanyoyin walda na haɗin gwiwa da ba su cancanta ba suna da karbuwa ba tare da maimaita cancanta ba.Bugu da kari, rubutattun shaidar kebewa daga cancantar masu walda, masu aikin walda, da masu walda tabo abin karbuwa ne ba tare da maimaita cancantar ba, muddin an kayyade irin wadannan rubuce-rubucen a cikin AWS D1.1:2015 Sashe na 4.24.a cikin ƙayyadadden lokacin inganci

4. Bukatun kowane tsarin ƙayyadaddun tsarin don gwajin cancantar tsari

4.1 GB50661 Abubuwan Bukatu don Abubuwan Gwajin Tsari

4.2 Abubuwan buƙatun EN don abubuwan gwajin cancantar aiwatarwa

4.3 Madaidaicin Bukatun AWS don Abubuwan Gwajin Tsari

4.4 Kwatanta ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai daban-daban don gwajin buƙatun tsari

Gwada kwatancen aikin

Lanƙwasa gwajin kwatance

Kwatancen gwajin tasiri

4.5 Welding tsarin cancanta ɗaukar hoto

Kaurin yanki na gwajin ya cancanci kimanta GB da kauri da ya dace da aikin

(1) Don bututu tare da diamita na waje ƙasa da 600mm, ɗaukar hoto bai kamata ya zama ƙasa da diamita na ƙayyadaddun bututun gwajin aikin ba;

Don bututu tare da diamita na waje na ≥600mm, ɗaukar hoto ya fi girma ko daidai da 600mm.

(2) The walda hanya cancantar ga butt gidajen abinci na faranti da bututu tare da wani m diamita na ba kasa da 600mm za a iya maye gurbinsu da juna.

(3) A sakamakon kimantawa na kwance waldi matsayi na iya maye gurbin lebur waldi matsayi, amma ba mataimakin versa (sai ingarma waldi).Matsayin waldi na tsaye da na tsaye da

Sauran wuraren walda ba sa canzawa.

(4) Walda mai gefe ɗaya cikakken mahaɗin shigar ciki tare da farantin baya kuma babu farantin goyan baya ba sa musanya;

Mai musanya;pads na kayan daban-daban ba su canzawa.

Ƙididdigar ISO EN ta ƙunshi ingantattun kauri da kauri da aikin injiniya

Ƙimar AWS ta ƙunshi ƙaƙƙarfan kauri da aikin injiniya

4.6 Canje-canje a cikin sigogin cancantar hanyoyin walda da kwatanta buƙatun sake tantancewa

5. Ƙayyadaddun lokaci don cancantar hanyar walda

A matsayin muhimmiyar takardar jagora don aikin walda, mahimmancin cancantar hanyar walda yana bayyana kansa.Ba tare da la'akari da kowane aiki da aiwatar da kowane ma'auni ba, cancantar aikin walda dole ne a ƙaddamar da shi ga mai shi ko injiniyan mai sa ido don dubawa da amincewa kafin fara aikin walda.Tunda kimar aikin walda ya ƙunshi waldan farantin gwaji, gwajin aikin injiniya (sinadari) gwajin aiki, bayar da rahoto, shaidar kulawa da sauran hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa, farashin yana da girma.A matsayinsa na ingantacciyar sana'a, za a sami bayanan bayanan cancantar hanyoyin walda.Kafin fara wani sabon aiki, za a zaɓi cancantar hanyoyin da suka dace daga ma'ajin bayanai bisa ga kaurin farantin aikin, ƙarfe na tushe, kayan walda da sauran abubuwan da za a rage farashi da adana kuɗi.lokaci.Sau da yawa injiniyoyi ba sa kula da lokacin ingancin aikin tantancewar, wanda ke haifar da ƙimar da aka ƙaddamar ya ƙare kuma yana jinkirta ƙaddamar da kayan.

Wannan takarda ta gabatar da ingancin lokacin cancantar aikin walda na ma'auni daban-daban.

1. Matsayin Amurka - AWS D 1.1

Ƙididdiga ta Amurka ta nuna cewa farkon sigar cancantar tsari yana da inganci kuma ba shi da iyakacin lokaci.

2. Matsayin Turai - EN 1090-2

1.1 Lokacin tsaka-tsaki 1-3 shekaru

Makiyoyin kayan aiki sama da S355 suna buƙatar gwaje-gwaje masu dacewa don tantancewa.Gwaje-gwaje da dubawa za su haɗa da bayyanar, radiyo ko ultrasonic, ƙwayar maganadisu ko kutsawa, macroscopic metallography da taurin.

1.2 Tsawon lokaci fiye da shekaru 3

a) Don karafa na S355 da ƙasa, zaɓi macroscopic metallography don gwaji.

b) Don karfe sama da S355, sake gwadawa.

3. Matsayin Ƙasa - GB 50661

Ban da haɗin gwiwar da za a iya keɓancewa daga kimantawa, lokacin inganci shine shekaru 5 don ayyukan tsarin ƙarfe na wahalar walda maki A, B da C. Don ayyukan tsarin ƙarfe tare da wahalar walda matakin D, za a aiwatar da ƙimar aikin walda. bisa ga aikin.