Welding (7): Welding Gina

Abubuwan bukatu don welded Plates Backing by Standard
Daga cikin nau'o'in haɗin gwiwar da aka haɗa na sifofin karfe, haɗin haɗin gwiwa ta amfani da faranti na baya ya fi kowa.Yin amfani da faranti na baya na iya magance matsalolin walda a cikin matsatsun wurare da keɓaɓɓu da kuma rage wahalar ayyukan walda.Abubuwan farantin tallafi na al'ada sun kasu kashi biyu: goyan bayan ƙarfe da goyon bayan yumbu.Tabbas, a wasu lokuta, ana amfani da kayan kamar juzu'i azaman tallafi.Wannan labarin ya bayyana batutuwan da ya kamata a kula da su yayin amfani da gaskets na karfe da gaskets yumbura.

Matsayin Ƙasa --GB 50661

Sashe na 7.8.1 na GB50661 ya nuna cewa ƙarfin da ake samu na farantin goyan baya da aka yi amfani da shi bai kamata ya fi ƙarfin ƙirƙira na ƙarfe da za a yi walda ba, kuma walƙiya ya kamata ya kasance iri ɗaya.

Koyaya, yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa sashi na 6.2.8 ya nuna cewa ba za a iya maye gurbin allunan tallafi na kayan daban-daban da juna ba.(Masu gyaran ƙarfe da yumbu ba su zama madadin juna ba).

Matsayin Turai - EN1090-2

Sashe na 7.5.9.2 na EN1090-2 yana nuna cewa lokacin amfani da goyan bayan ƙarfe, ana buƙatar daidai da carbon ya zama ƙasa da 0.43%, ko kuma kayan da ke da mafi girman walƙiya azaman ƙarfe na tushe don waldawa.

Matsayin Amurka--AWS D 1.1

Karfe da aka yi amfani da shi don farantin goyan baya dole ne ya zama kowane ƙarfe a cikin Tebura 3.1 ko Tebu 4.9, idan ba a cikin jerin ba, sai dai ana amfani da ƙarfe mai ƙaramin ƙarfin 690Mpa azaman farantin tallafi wanda dole ne kawai a yi amfani da shi don walda. na karfe tare da ƙaramin ƙarfin amfanin ƙasa na 690Mpa, dole ne ya zama ƙarfe wanda aka tantance.Injiniyoyin ya kamata su lura cewa babban kwamitin tallafi da aka saya a China shine Q235B.Idan tushen abu a lokacin kimantawa shine Q345B, kuma ana maye gurbin allon tallafi gabaɗaya da tushe mai tsabta, kayan aikin goyan baya shine Q235B lokacin shirya WPS.A wannan yanayin, ba a kimanta Q235B ba, don haka wannan WPS baya bin ƙa'idodi.

Fassarar ɗaukar hoto na EN misali welder exam

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, yawan ayyukan tsarin karfe da aka samar da kuma welded bisa ga ma'auni na EN yana karuwa, don haka buƙatar masu yin amfani da ma'auni na EN yana karuwa.Koyaya, yawancin masana'antun tsarin ƙarfe ba su da fa'ida musamman game da ɗaukar gwajin welder na EN, wanda ke haifar da ƙarin gwaje-gwaje.Akwai da yawa missed exams.Wadannan za su shafi ci gaban aikin, kuma a lokacin da za a yi walda an gano cewa mai walda bai cancanci walda ba.

Wannan labarin a taƙaice yana gabatar da ɗaukar hoto na jarrabawar welder, tare da fatan kawo taimako ga aikin kowa da kowa.

1. Ka'idojin Kisa na Welder

A) Manual da Semi-atomatik waldi: TS EN 9606-1 Gina Karfe

Don jerin EN9606 an kasu kashi 5.1 - karfe 2 - aluminum 3 - jan karfe 4 - nickel 5 - zirconium

b) Yin walda: EN 14732

Rarraba nau'ikan walda yana nufin ISO 857-1

2. Rufin kayan aiki

Don ɗaukar nauyin ƙarfe na tushe, babu ƙayyadaddun ƙa'ida a cikin ma'auni, amma akwai ƙa'idodin ɗaukar hoto don abubuwan walda.

Ta hanyar tebur guda biyu na sama, haɗakar abubuwan amfani da walda da ɗaukar hoto tsakanin kowace ƙungiya na iya zama bayyananne.

Welding Electrode (111) Rufewa

Rufe don nau'ikan waya daban-daban

3. Base karfe kauri da bututu diamita ɗaukar hoto

Docking Samfuran Rufe

Rufin Weld na Fillet

Rufin Diamita na Karfe

4. Welding matsayi ɗaukar hoto

Docking Samfuran Rufe

Rufin Weld na Fillet

5. Rufe Form Node

Farantin da aka yi wa walda da walda mai tsabtace tushen za su iya rufe juna, don haka don rage wahalar gwajin, gabaɗaya ana zaɓar haɗin haɗin gwajin da aka yi da farantin baya.

6. Weld Layer ɗaukar hoto

Multi-Layer welds na iya maye gurbin welds mai Layer Layer, amma ba akasin haka ba.

7. Sauran Bayanan kula

a) Tushen walda da waldar fillet ba sa canzawa.

b) Ƙarƙashin haɗin gwiwa zai iya rufe ginshiƙan bututun reshe tare da kusurwar da aka haɗa fiye da ko daidai da 60 °, kuma ɗaukar hoto yana iyakance ga bututun reshe.

Diamita na waje zai yi nasara, amma za a bayyana kauri na bango bisa ga kewayon kauri na bango.

c) Ana iya rufe bututun ƙarfe tare da diamita na waje fiye da 25mm da faranti na ƙarfe.

d) Faranti na iya rufe bututun ƙarfe da diamita fiye da 500mm.

e) Za a iya rufe farantin karfe da bututun ƙarfe tare da diamita fiye da 75mm a cikin yanayin juyawa, amma matsayi na walda.

A wurin PA, PB, PC, PD.

8. Dubawa

Don bayyanar da macro dubawa, an gwada shi bisa ga matakin EN5817 B, amma lambar ita ce 501, 502, 503, 504, 5214, bisa ga matakin C.
hoto
EN Standard Intersecting Line Welding Bukatun

A cikin ayyukan da ke da nau'ikan bututun ƙarfe ko murabba'in ƙarfe, buƙatun walda na layin layi suna da inganci.Domin idan zane yana buƙatar cikakken shiga, ba shi da sauƙi don ƙara farantin layi a cikin bututu madaidaiciya, kuma saboda bambancin zagaye na bututun ƙarfe, layin da aka yanke ba zai iya zama cikakke cikakke ba, wanda ya haifar da gyaran hannu a cikin bibiya.Bugu da ƙari, kusurwar da ke tsakanin babban bututu da bututun reshe ya yi ƙanƙanta, kuma ba za a iya shiga yankin tushen ba.

Don abubuwa uku na sama, ana ba da shawarar mafita masu zuwa:

1) Babu wani farantin goyon baya ga intersecting line weld, wanda yake daidai da cikakken shigar azzakari cikin farji a gefe guda.Ana ba da shawarar yin walda a wurin karfe 1 kuma a yi amfani da ingantaccen tsarin garkuwar iskar gas don waldawa.A waldi ratar ne 2-4mm, wanda ba zai iya kawai tabbatar da shigar azzakari cikin farji, amma kuma hana waldi ta hanyar.

2) Layin intersecting bai cancanta ba bayan yanke.Ana iya gyara wannan matsalar da hannu bayan yankan na'ura.Idan ya cancanta, za a iya amfani da takarda takarda don fenti layin yankan layi a waje da bututun reshe, sa'an nan kuma yanke da hannu kai tsaye.

3) Matsalolin cewa kusurwar da ke tsakanin babban bututu da bututun reshe ya yi ƙanƙanta da ba za a iya walda shi ba, an yi bayani a shafi E na EN1090-2.Don tsaka-tsakin welds na layi, an raba shi zuwa sassa 3: yatsan yatsa, yankin canji, tushen.Yatsan yatsa da yanki na canzawa ba su da najasa a cikin yanayin rashin walda mara kyau, tushen kawai yana da wannan yanayin.Lokacin da nisa tsakanin babban bututu da bututun reshe bai wuce 60 ° ba, tushen weld na iya zama walƙiyar fillet.

Duk da haka, yanki na A, B, C, da D a cikin adadi ba a nuna shi a fili a cikin ma'auni ba.Ana bada shawara don bayyana shi bisa ga adadi mai zuwa:

Hanyoyin yankan gama gari da kwatancen tsari

Common sabon hanyoyin yafi hada da harshen wuta yankan, plasma sabon, Laser sabon da high-matsi ruwa sabon, da dai sauransu Kowane tsari hanya yana da nasa abũbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani.Lokacin sarrafa samfuran, yakamata a zaɓi hanyar aiwatar da yankan da ta dace bisa ga takamaiman yanayin.

1. Yanke harshen wuta: Bayan preheating da yankan part na workpiece zuwa konewa zafin jiki da zafi makamashi na iskar gas, wani high-gudun yankan oxygen kwarara da aka fesa don sa shi ƙone da saki zafi ga yankan.

a) Abũbuwan amfãni: Ƙaunar yankan yana da girma, farashin yana da ƙananan, kuma ingancin yana da fa'ida a bayyane bayan kauri ya wuce 50mm.Matsakaicin ɓangaren ƙananan ƙananan (<1°), kuma farashin kulawa yana da ƙasa.

b) Disadvantages: low yadda ya dace (gudun 80 ~ 1000mm / min a cikin 100mm kauri), kawai amfani da low carbon karfe yankan, ba zai iya yanke high carbon karfe, bakin karfe, jefa baƙin ƙarfe, da dai sauransu, babban zafi shafi yankin, tsanani nakasawa na lokacin farin ciki. faranti, aiki mai wahala babba.

2. Yanke Plasma: Hanyar yanke ta hanyar amfani da fitar da iskar gas don samar da makamashin thermal na plasma arc.Lokacin da baka da kayan sun ƙone, ana haifar da zafi ta yadda za a iya ci gaba da ƙone kayan ta hanyar yanke oxygen kuma a fitar da shi ta hanyar yanke iskar oxygen don samar da yanke.

a) Abũbuwan amfãni: A yankan yadda ya dace a cikin 6 ~ 20mm ne mafi girma (gudun ne 1400 ~ 4000mm / min), kuma zai iya yanke carbon karfe, bakin karfe, aluminum, da dai sauransu.

b) Rashin hasara: incision yana da faɗi, yankin da zafi ya shafa yana da girma (kimanin 0.25mm), nakasar kayan aikin a bayyane yake, yanke yana nuna jujjuyawa da jujjuyawa, kuma gurɓataccen abu ne babba.

3. Laser yankan: hanyar tsari wanda ake amfani da katako mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi don dumama gida don kawar da ɓangaren mai zafi na kayan don cimma yankan.

a) Abũbuwan amfãni: kunkuntar yankan nisa, high daidaici (har zuwa 0.01mm), mai kyau sabon surface roughness, azumi yankan gudun (dace da bakin ciki takardar yankan), da kuma kananan zafi shafi yankin.

b) Rashin hasara: farashin kayan aiki mai girma, wanda ya dace da yankan farantin bakin ciki, amma ingancin yankan farantin yana raguwa a fili.

4. Yankewar ruwa mai ƙarfi: hanyar tsari wanda ke amfani da saurin ruwa mai ƙarfi don cimma yankewa.

a) Abvantbuwan amfãni: babban madaidaici, na iya yanke kowane abu, babu yankin da ya shafa zafi, babu hayaki.

b) Rashin hasara: babban farashi, ƙarancin inganci (gudun 150 ~ 300mm / min a cikin kauri na 100mm), kawai ya dace da yankan jirgin sama, bai dace da yanke sassa uku ba.

Menene mafi kyawun diamita na rami na mahaifa kuma menene mafi kyawun kauri da girman gasket da ake buƙata?
Tebu na 14-2 a cikin bugu na 13 na littafin Jagorar Gina Karfe na AISC ya tattauna mafi girman girman kowane rami a cikin kayan iyaye.Ya kamata a lura cewa girman ramukan da aka jera a cikin Teburin 14-2 suna ba da izinin wasu ɓarke ​​​​na ƙugiya yayin aikin shigarwa, kuma gyare-gyaren ƙarfe na tushe ya buƙaci ya zama daidai ko kuma a shigar da ginshiƙi daidai a kan tsakiyar layi.Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa ana buƙatar yankan harshen wuta yawanci don ɗaukar waɗannan girman ramin.Ana buƙatar ƙwararren mai wanki don kowane kusoshi.Tun da an kayyade waɗannan girman ramuka a matsayin matsakaicin ƙimar girmansu, ana iya amfani da ƙananan girman ramuka don daidaitaccen rabe-rabe na kusoshi.
Jagoran Zane na AISC 10, Sashen Shigar da Ƙarfe Ƙarfe Ƙarfe, dangane da gogewar da ta gabata, ya tsara ƙimar ƙima don kauri da girman gasket: ƙaramin kauri na gasket ya kamata ya zama 1/3 diamita na aron. Matsakaicin diamita na gasket (ko tsayin wanki da ba madauwari ba) yakamata ya zama 25.4mm (1 in.) ya fi diamita ramin.Lokacin da kullin yana watsa tashin hankali, girman mai wanki ya kamata ya zama babba don watsa tashin hankali zuwa karfen tushe.Gabaɗaya, ana iya ƙayyade girman gasket ɗin da ya dace daidai da girman farantin karfe.
Za a iya walda kullin kai tsaye zuwa karfen tushe?

Idan abin da ke kulle yana da walƙiya, ana iya haɗa shi zuwa ƙarfen tushe.Babban manufar yin amfani da anga shine don samar da tsayayye ga ginshiƙi don tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali yayin shigarwa.Bugu da kari, ana amfani da kusoshi don haɗa sifofin da aka ɗora a tsaye don tsayayya da rundunonin tallafi.Welding bolt zuwa karfen tushe baya cika ko daya daga cikin dalilan da ke sama, amma yana taimakawa wajen samar da juriya.

Saboda girman ramin karfen tushe yana da girma sosai, ba kasafai ake saita sandar anga a tsakiyar ramin karfen tushe ba.A wannan yanayin, ana buƙatar gasket faranti mai kauri (kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin adadi).Weld ɗin a kusoshi zuwa gasket ya haɗa da bayyanar waldar fillet, kamar tsayin weld ɗin daidai da kewayen kusoshi [π(3.14) diamita na kusoshi], wanda a cikin wannan yanayin yana haifar da ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfi.Amma an ba da izinin walda ɓangaren zaren na aron.Idan ƙarin goyon baya ya faru, ana iya canza cikakkun bayanai na tushen ginshiƙi, la'akari da "farantin welded" da aka jera a hoton da ke ƙasa.

Menene mafi kyawun diamita na rami na mahaifa kuma menene mafi kyawun kauri da girman gasket da ake buƙata?

Muhimmancin tack walda ingancin
A cikin samar da sassan karfe, tsarin walda, a matsayin muhimmin bangare na tabbatar da ingancin aikin gaba daya, ya sami kulawa sosai.Koyaya, walƙiya tack, azaman hanyar haɗin farko na tsarin walda, yawancin kamfanoni galibi suna yin watsi da su.Manyan dalilan su ne:

1) Sanya walda mafi yawa ana yin su ta hanyar masu tarawa.Saboda horarwar basira da rabon tsari, mutane da yawa suna tunanin cewa ba tsarin walda ba ne.

2) Tack walding din din yana boye a karkashin kabu na karshe na walda, kuma an rufe wasu lahani da yawa, wadanda ba za a iya samun su ba yayin binciken karshe na kabu na walda, wanda ba shi da wani tasiri ga sakamakon binciken karshe.

▲ ma kusa da ƙarshe (kuskure)

Shin weld ɗin tack yana da mahimmanci?Nawa ya shafi walda na yau da kullun?A cikin samarwa, da farko, wajibi ne don bayyana rawar da ake yi na saka walda: 1) Gyara tsakanin sassan faranti 2) Yana iya ɗaukar nauyin abubuwan da aka gyara yayin sufuri.

Ma'auni daban-daban suna buƙatar walƙiya tack:

Haɗa buƙatun kowane ma'auni don walda tack, zamu iya ganin cewa kayan walda da walda na walda sun kasance iri ɗaya da na yau da kullun, wanda ya isa ya ga mahimmancin.

▲Aƙalla 20mm daga ƙarshen (daidai)

Za'a iya tantance tsayi da girman girman walda gwargwadon kaurin sashin da nau'in kayan aikin, sai dai idan akwai tsauraran matakai a cikin ma'auni, amma tsayi da kauri na walda ɗin ya kamata ya zama matsakaici.Idan ya yi girma sosai, zai ƙara wahalar walda kuma yana da wahala a tabbatar da inganci.Don welds na fillet, girman girman tack ɗin da ya wuce kima zai shafi bayyanar walda ta ƙarshe, kuma yana da sauƙin bayyana wavy.Idan ya yi ƙanƙanta sosai, yana da sauƙi a sa maƙallan tack ɗin ya fashe yayin aikin canja wuri ko kuma lokacin da aka naɗe gefen juzu'in tack ɗin.A wannan yanayin, tack weld dole ne a cire gaba daya.

▲ Tack waldi crack (kuskure)

Don weld na ƙarshe wanda ke buƙatar UT ko RT, ana iya samun lahani na waldawar tack, amma don waldawar fillet ko ɓangaren shiga cikin welds, welds waɗanda ba sa buƙatar bincika lahani na ciki, lahanin waldawar tack shine ”“ Bam na lokaci ”, wanda zai iya fashewa a kowane lokaci, yana haifar da matsaloli kamar fasa walda.
Menene manufar maganin zafi bayan walda?
Akwai dalilai guda uku na maganin zafi bayan walda: kawar da hydrogen, kawar da damuwa walda, inganta tsarin walda da aikin gabaɗaya.Maganin dehydrogenation bayan walda yana nufin maganin zafi mai ƙarancin zafi da aka yi bayan an gama walda kuma ba a sanyaya waldar zuwa ƙasa da 100 ° C ba.A general bayani dalla-dalla ne don zafi zuwa 200 ~ 350 ℃ da kuma kiyaye shi ga 2-6 hours.Babban aikin maganin kawar da hydrogen bayan walda shine a hanzarta tserewa daga hydrogen a cikin walda da yankin da zafin rana ya shafa, wanda ke da matukar tasiri wajen hana fasa walda yayin walda ƙananan karafa.

A lokacin aikin walda, saboda rashin daidaituwar dumama da sanyaya, da kuma kamewa ko kamun kai na waje da shi kansa, damuwa walda za ta kasance koyaushe a cikin abin bayan an gama aikin walda.Kasancewar damuwa walda a cikin ɓangaren zai rage ainihin ƙarfin ɗaukar hoto na yankin haɗin gwiwa da aka yi wa walda, haifar da nakasar filastik, har ma haifar da lalacewar sashin a lokuta masu tsanani.

Danniya taimako zafi magani ne don rage yawan amfanin ƙasa ƙarfi na welded workpiece a high zafin jiki don cimma manufar shakatawa da walda danniya.Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu da ake amfani da su: ɗaya shine yanayin zafin jiki na gabaɗaya, wato, ana saka welding gaba ɗaya a cikin tanderun dumama, a hankali mai zafi zuwa wani zafin jiki, sannan a ajiye shi na ɗan lokaci, sannan a sanyaya a cikin iska ko kuma a sanyaya. a cikin tanderun.Ta wannan hanyar, 80% -90% na damuwa walda za a iya kawar da su.Wata hanya kuma ita ce zafin zafin jiki na gida, wato kawai dumama walda da kewayenta, sannan a sanyaya sannu a hankali, rage ƙimar ƙimar walƙiyar walda, sanya rarrabawar damuwa ya ɗan yi laushi, da kuma kawar da danniya na walda.

Bayan an naɗe wasu kayan ƙarfe na ƙarfe, haɗin gwiwar da aka haɗa su za su sami tsari mai tauri, wanda zai lalata kayan aikin injiniya.Bugu da ƙari, wannan ƙaƙƙarfan tsari na iya haifar da lalata haɗin gwiwa a ƙarƙashin aikin damuwa na walda da hydrogen.Bayan maganin zafi, an inganta tsarin metallographic na haɗin gwiwa, an inganta filastik da taurin haɗin gwiwa, kuma an inganta ingantattun kayan aikin injiniya na haɗin gwiwa.
Shin ana buƙatar cirewa da lalacewa na baka da waldi na wucin gadi zuwa walda na dindindin?

A cikin sifofi masu ɗorewa, ɓarna ba ta buƙatar cirewa sai dai idan takaddun kwangilar sun buƙaci a cire su.Duk da haka, a cikin sifofi masu ƙarfi, arcing na iya haifar da matsananciyar damuwa, wanda zai lalata tsayin daka na tsari mai tsauri, don haka saman tsarin ya kamata ya zama ƙasa mai laushi kuma ya kamata a duba shi a gani.Don ƙarin cikakkun bayanai kan wannan tattaunawa, da fatan za a duba Sashe na 5.29 na AWS D1.1:2015.

A mafi yawan lokuta, haɗin gwiwa na wucin gadi a kan welds na wucin gadi ana iya haɗa su cikin walda na dindindin.Gabaɗaya, a cikin sifofi masu ɗorewa, yana halatta a riƙe waɗancan welds ɗin da ba za a iya haɗa su ba sai dai idan takaddun kwangila sun buƙaci cire su.A cikin sifofi masu ɗorewa, dole ne a cire walda na ɗan lokaci.Don ƙarin cikakkun bayanai kan wannan tattaunawa, da fatan za a duba Sashe na 5.18 na AWS D1.1:2015.

[1] Tsarukan da aka ɗora a tsaye suna da saurin aikace-aikace da motsi, wanda ya zama ruwan dare a cikin gine-gine

[2] Tsarin ɗorawa mai ƙarfi yana nufin tsarin aiwatarwa da/ko motsi a wani ƙayyadadden gudu, wanda ba za a iya ɗaukarsa a matsayin tsayayye ba kuma yana buƙatar la'akari da gajiyawar ƙarfe, wanda ya zama ruwan dare a cikin sifofin gada da layin dogo.
Kariya don hunturu waldi preheating
Da sanyi hunturu ya zo, kuma shi ma yana sanya gaba mafi girma bukatun ga walda preheating.Yawan zafin jiki na zafin jiki ana auna shi kafin sayar da shi, kuma ana yin watsi da kiyaye wannan mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki yayin siyarwar.A cikin hunturu, saurin sanyi na haɗin gwiwa na weld yana da sauri.Idan aka yi watsi da kula da mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki a cikin tsarin walda, zai kawo haɗari masu haɗari ga ingancin walda.

Ƙunƙarar sanyi sune mafi kuma mafi haɗari a cikin lahani na walda a lokacin hunturu.Manyan abubuwa guda uku na samuwar tsagewar sanyi sune: abu mai tauri (karfe tushe), hydrogen, da matakin kamewa.Don ƙarfe na tsari na al'ada, dalilin da yasa taurin kayan shine cewa yawan sanyaya yana da sauri, don haka ƙara yawan zafin jiki na preheating da kiyaye wannan zafin jiki zai iya magance wannan matsala da kyau.

A general hunturu yi, da preheating zafin jiki ne 20 ℃-50 ℃ fiye da na al'ada zafin jiki.Musamman hankali ya kamata a biya preheating na sakawa waldi na lokacin farin ciki farantin ne dan kadan mafi girma fiye da na m weld.Don waldawar electroslag, waldawar baka mai nutsewa da sauran abubuwan shigar da zafi Hanyoyi masu girma na siyarwa na iya zama iri ɗaya da yanayin zafi na al'ada.Don dogon abubuwan da aka gyara (mafi girma fiye da 10m), ba a ba da shawarar fitar da kayan aikin dumama (tuba mai zafi ko takardar dumama lantarki) a lokacin aikin walda don hana yanayin "ɗayan ƙarshen yana da zafi kuma ɗayan ƙarshen sanyi ne".A cikin yanayin ayyukan waje, bayan an gama waldawa, ya kamata a ɗauki matakan adana zafi da jinkirin sanyaya zuwa yankin walda.

Welding preheat bututu (na dogon membobi)

Ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da ƙananan kayan walda na hydrogen a cikin hunturu.Dangane da AWS, EN da sauran ma'auni, zafin zafin zafin jiki na ƙananan abubuwan walda na hydrogen na iya zama ƙasa da na kayan aikin walda na gabaɗaya.Kula da tsari na jerin walda.Tsarin walda mai ma'ana zai iya rage ƙuntatawar walda.A lokaci guda kuma, a matsayin injiniyan walda, yana da alhakin da kuma wajibi don nazarin haɗin gwiwar walda a cikin zane-zane wanda zai iya haifar da hani mai girma, da kuma daidaitawa tare da mai zane don canza siffar haɗin gwiwa.
Bayan sayar da, yaushe ya kamata a cire pads na solder da pinout faranti?
Don tabbatar da daidaiton geometrical na haɗin gwiwar da aka haɗa, bayan kammala aikin walda, farantin da aka fitar a gefen ɓangaren na iya buƙatar yankewa.Ayyukan farantin gubar shine don tabbatar da girman al'ada na walda daga farkon zuwa ƙarshen aikin walda;amma ana buƙatar bin tsarin da ke sama.Kamar yadda aka ƙayyade a cikin Sashe na 5.10 da 5.30 na AWS D1.1 2015. Lokacin da ya zama dole don cire kayan aikin kayan aikin walda kamar walda mai walƙiya ko faranti na gubar, ana buƙatar aiwatar da jiyya na farfajiyar walda bisa ga buƙatun da suka dace. pre-welding shiri.

Girgizar kasa ta Arewa ta 1994 ta haifar da lalata tsarin haɗin ginin "bim-column-section karfe" na haɗin gwiwa, jawo hankali da tattaunawa kan walda da cikakkun bayanai na girgizar ƙasa, kuma a kan abin da aka kafa sabbin daidaitattun yanayi.Abubuwan da aka tanada akan girgizar ƙasa a cikin bugu na 2010 na ma'auni na AISC da ma'auni na 1 daidai sun haɗa da buƙatu bayyanannu game da wannan, wato, duk lokacin da aikin injiniyan girgizar ƙasa ya shiga, ana buƙatar cire kayan walda da faranti da aka fitar bayan walda. .Akwai keɓanta, duk da haka, inda aikin da abin da aka gwada ya riƙe har yanzu yana tabbatar da karɓuwa ta hanyar sarrafa wanin abin da ke sama.

Inganta Yanke Ingancin - La'akari a cikin Shirye-shiryen da Sarrafa tsari
Tare da saurin ci gaban masana'antu, yana da mahimmanci musamman don haɓaka ingancin sassa.Akwai dalilai da yawa waɗanda ke shafar yanke, ciki har da yanke sigogi, nau'in da ingancin iskar gas da ake amfani da su, ƙwarewar fasaha na ma'aikacin bita, da fahimtar kayan aikin yankan.

(1) Daidaitaccen amfani da AutoCAD don zana zane-zanen sashi shine muhimmin abin da ake buƙata don ingancin yankan sassa;ma'aikata nau'in nau'in nesting suna tattara shirye-shiryen yankan CNC daidai da buƙatun zane-zane, kuma yakamata a ɗauki matakan da suka dace lokacin shirya wasu sassan flange da siriri : Ramuwa mai laushi, tsari na musamman (co-baki, ci gaba da yankan), da sauransu. don tabbatar da cewa girman sassan bayan yanke ya wuce dubawa.

(2) Lokacin yankan manyan sassa, saboda ginshiƙi na tsakiya (conical, cylindrical, web, cover) a cikin zagaye na zagaye yana da girma sosai, ana bada shawarar cewa masu shirye-shirye suyi aiki na musamman a lokacin shirye-shirye, micro-connection (ƙara raguwa) , wato. , saita madaidaicin madaidaicin wurin da ba yanke yanke ba (5mm) a gefe ɗaya na ɓangaren da za a yanke.Wadannan maki an haɗa su tare da farantin karfe yayin aikin yanke, kuma ana gudanar da sassan don hana ƙaura da raguwa.Bayan an yanke sauran sassan, ana yanke waɗannan maki don tabbatar da cewa girman sassan da aka yanke ba a sauƙaƙe ba.

Ƙarfafa tsarin sarrafa sassa na sassa shine mabuɗin don inganta ingancin sassa.Bayan babban adadin bincike na bayanai, abubuwan da suka shafi ingancin yankan sune kamar haka: mai aiki, zaɓi na yanke nozzles, daidaitawa da nisa tsakanin yankan nozzles da workpieces, da daidaitawa na saurin yankewa, da daidaitawa tsakanin farfajiyar. farantin karfe da sabon bututun ƙarfe.

(1) Lokacin aiki da na'urar yankan CNC don yanke sassa, mai aiki dole ne ya yanke sassan bisa ga tsarin yankan, kuma ana buƙatar ma'aikaci ya sami wayar da kan kai kuma ya iya bambanta tsakanin ƙwararrun sassa da waɗanda ba su cancanta ba na farko. sashi yanke da kansa, idan bai cancanta ba Gyara da gyara cikin lokaci;sannan a mika shi ga ingancin dubawa, kuma sanya hannu kan tikitin cancantar farko bayan an gama binciken;kawai to zai iya taro samar da yankan sassa.

(2) Misalin bututun yankan da nisa tsakanin bututun yankan da kayan aikin duk an zaɓi su bisa ga kauri na sassa.Mafi girma da yankan bututun ƙarfe samfurin, da kauri da kauri farantin karfe kullum yanke;kuma nisa tsakanin bututun yankan da farantin karfe zai yi tasiri idan ya yi nisa ko kusa: da nisa zai sa wurin dumama ya yi girma sosai, sannan kuma yana kara nakasar thermal na sassan;Idan ya yi ƙanƙara, za a toshe bututun yankan, wanda zai haifar da ɓarna na saɓo;sannan kuma za a rage saurin yankan, haka nan kuma za a rage ingancin aikin.

(3) Daidaitawar saurin yankan yana da alaƙa da kauri na kayan aiki da bututun yankan da aka zaɓa.Gabaɗaya, yana raguwa tare da haɓakar kauri.Idan saurin yankan ya yi sauri ko kuma a hankali, zai shafi ingancin tashar yanke sashin;saurin yankewa mai ma'ana zai haifar da sauti na yau da kullun lokacin da slag ke gudana, kuma madaidaicin shinge da bututun yankan suna cikin layi;a m yankan gudun Zai kuma inganta samar da yadda ya dace yankan, kamar yadda aka nuna a Table 1.

(4) Matsakaici tsakanin yankan bututun ƙarfe da saman farantin karfe na dandamalin yankan, idan yanke bututun da saman farantin karfe ba daidai ba ne, zai haifar da sashin sashin ya karkata, wanda zai shafi rashin daidaituwa. girman sassan babba da ƙananan ɓangaren, kuma ba za a iya tabbatar da daidaito ba.Hatsari;ya kamata ma'aikaci ya duba iyawar bututun yankan a cikin lokaci kafin yanke.Idan an toshe shi, iskar za ta karkata, wanda hakan zai haifar da yanke bututun ƙarfe da saman farantin karfen yanke ba daidai ba, kuma girman sassan yankan zai yi kuskure.A matsayin mai aiki, tocila da yanke bututun ƙarfe ya kamata a daidaita su kuma a daidaita su kafin yanke don tabbatar da cewa ƙwanƙwaran yankan da yanke bututun ƙarfe suna daidai da saman farantin karfe na dandamalin yanke.

Na'urar yankan CNC shiri ne na dijital wanda ke motsa motsi na kayan aikin injin.Lokacin da kayan aikin injin ke motsawa, kayan aikin yankan da aka ba da izini ya yanke sassan;don haka tsarin shirye-shiryen sassa akan farantin karfe yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen sarrafa ingancin sassan sassa.

(1) Inganta tsarin yankan gida yana dogara ne akan ingantacciyar zane na gida, wanda aka canza daga yanayin gida zuwa yanayin yanke.Ta hanyar saita sigogi na tsari, jagorancin kwane-kwane, wurin farawa na ciki da na waje, da kuma jagorar shiga da kuma fitar da layi suna daidaitawa.Don cimma mafi guntuwar hanyar zaman banza, rage nakasar zafi yayin yankan, da haɓaka ingancin yanke.

(2) Tsarin tsari na musamman na haɓaka ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun sashi a kan zanen shimfidar wuri, da kuma tsara yanayin yankan don saduwa da ainihin buƙatu ta hanyar aikin "bayyananni", kamar anti-deformation micro-joint cutting, Multi- -part ci gaba da yankan, gada yankan, da dai sauransu, Ta hanyar ingantawa, yankan yadda ya dace da kuma ingancin za a iya mafi alhẽri inganta.

(3) Zaɓin madaidaicin madaidaicin tsari shima yana da mahimmanci.Zaɓi sigogi daban-daban don nau'ikan kauri daban-daban: kamar zaɓin layin jagora, zaɓin layin da aka fitar, nisa tsakanin sassa, nisa tsakanin gefuna na farantin da girman buɗewar da aka tanada.Table 2 shine Yanke sigogi na kowane kauri na faranti.

Muhimmancin aikin walda garkuwar gas
Daga ra'ayi na fasaha, kawai ta hanyar canza tsarin garkuwar gas, ana iya yin tasiri mai mahimmanci 5 akan tsarin walda:

(1) Haɓaka ƙimar ajiyar waya ta walda

Haɗin gas mai wadatar Argon gabaɗaya yana haifar da ingantaccen samarwa fiye da tsantsar carbon dioxide na al'ada.Abubuwan Argon yakamata su wuce 85% don cimma canjin jet.Tabbas, haɓaka ƙimar ajiyar waya ta walda yana buƙatar zaɓin sigogin walda masu dacewa.Sakamakon walda yawanci shine sakamakon hulɗar sigogi da yawa.Zaɓin da bai dace ba na sigogin walda zai yawanci rage ingancin walda da haɓaka aikin cire slag bayan walda.

(2) Sarrafa spatter da rage slag tsaftacewa bayan waldi

Ƙananan yuwuwar ionization na argon yana ƙaruwa da kwanciyar hankali tare da raguwa mai dacewa a spatter.Sabbin fasaha na baya-bayan nan a cikin hanyoyin samar da wutar lantarki suna sarrafa spatter a cikin walda na CO2, kuma a ƙarƙashin yanayi iri ɗaya, idan ana amfani da cakuda iskar gas, ana iya rage spatter kuma za'a iya faɗaɗa taga siginar walda.

(3) Sarrafa samuwar walda da rage yawan walda

Welds na CO2 suna yawan fitowa waje, yana haifar da wuce gona da iri da kuma ƙarin farashin walda.Gas ɗin gas ɗin argon yana da sauƙi don sarrafa ƙirar walda kuma yana guje wa ɓarna na wayar walda.

(4) Ƙara saurin walda

Ta amfani da cakuda iskar gas mai arzikin argon, spatter yana kasancewa da sarrafa shi sosai koda tare da ƙara yawan walda.Fa'idar da wannan ke haifarwa shine haɓaka saurin walda, musamman don walda ta atomatik, wanda ke haɓaka haɓakar samarwa sosai.

(5) Sarrafa hayakin walda

A ƙarƙashin sigogin aiki na walda iri ɗaya, cakuda mai arzikin argon yana rage hayakin walda sosai idan aka kwatanta da carbon dioxide.Idan aka kwatanta da saka hannun jari a kayan aikin masarufi don haɓaka yanayin aikin walda, amfani da cakuda iskar gas mai arzikin argon wata fa'ida ce ta ma'aikaci ta rage gurɓatawa a tushen.

A halin yanzu, a yawancin masana'antu, ana amfani da cakuda argon gas sosai, amma saboda dalilai na garken, yawancin kamfanonin cikin gida suna amfani da 80% Ar + 20% CO2.A yawancin aikace-aikace, wannan garkuwar gas ba ya aiki da kyau.Don haka, zabar mafi kyawun iskar gas shine ainihin hanya mafi sauƙi don haɓaka matakin sarrafa samfur don kasuwancin walda akan hanyar gaba.Mafi mahimmancin ma'auni don zabar mafi kyawun iskar gas shine saduwa da ainihin bukatun walda zuwa mafi girma.Bugu da kari, kwararar iskar gas da ta dace shine jigo don tabbatar da ingancin walda, babba ko karamin kwarara ba ya da amfani ga walda.